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AWS CloudWatch Tutorial

Amazon CloudWatch is AWS monitoring and management service which is designed for the purpose of maintaining the services and resources which are used. Particularly, this is designed for developers, site reliability engineers, IT managers, and system operators to make their life easier.

AWS CloudWatch has the potential to collect the data as metrics, events, and logs. All the operational and monitoring data collected by CloudWatch are of the apps, services, and resources running over AWS. There is more to this service that has helped developers up their game.

Using CloudWatch you can create automated actions, troubleshooting is much easier, and optimize your applications by removing the factor increasing your applications latency.

  • Amazon CloudWatch is free for 10 custom metrics and Alarms. 10 custom metrics and 10 Alarms are free for a lifetime and exceeding that will add charges.
  • 1,000,000 API requests, 5GB of Log Data ingestion and Archiving is free and also you can set up 3 dashboards with upto 50 metrics in one dashboard each month.

Features of Amazon CloudWatch :

Amazon CloudWatch is a monitoring service that provides logging and metrics capabilities.

AWS CloudWatch Logging Service :

CloudWatch Logs allows you to collect, monitor, and access log files from a variety of sources.

AWS CloudWatch Metrics Services :

CloudWatch Metrics allows you to collect and track various metrics from your resources and applications. You can use CloudWatch to monitor and manage your resources and applications in real-time, set alarms, and analyze and visualize the data collected over time.

Some of the main features of Amazon CloudWatch include:

CloudWatch Logs insights - CloudWatch Logs Insights is a tool for searching and analyzing log data from CloudWatch Logs. It helps you visualize and understand your log data using graphs and charts, and allows you to filter and aggregate the data to identify issues and trends. You can also use CloudWatch Logs Insights to publish log data to CloudWatch dashboards. It is an interactive and pay-as-you-go service.

CloudWatch Logs – CloudWatch can collect and track log files from resources such as Amazon EC2 instances, Amazon RDS DB instances, and AWS Lambda functions.

CloudWatch Alarms – You can set alarms in CloudWatch to automatically send notifications or take other actions when certain thresholds are breached.

Integration with Other Services – CloudWatch integrates with many other AWS services, allowing you to use it to monitor and manage a wide range of resources and applications.

Monitoring – You can use CloudWatch to monitor your resources and applications in real-time. This includes metrics like CPU and memory utilization, as well as custom metrics that you can define.

CloudWatch Events – Amazon CloudWatch Events is a service that allows you to monitor and respond to changes in your AWS resources. It tracks state changes to your resources and creates a stream of events in near real-time. You can then set up targets to be notified when these events occur, and take action based on the state changes. For example, you might set up a target to send an email notification or invoke a Lambda function when an EC2 instance is terminated. CloudWatch Events helps you automate your AWS workloads and respond to changes in your environment.

How Amazon CloudWatch Works?

  • Data is collected from various sources, including Amazon EC2 instances, Amazon RDS DB instances, AWS Lambda functions, and custom metrics that you define.

  • The data is stored in a centralized log store in CloudWatch.

  • You can use the CloudWatch console, APIs, or command-line tools to access and analyze the data.

  • You can set alarms to be triggered when certain thresholds are breached, and take automated actions based on these alarms.
  • CloudWatch provides visualization and analysis tools to help you understand and interpret the data, including real-time graphing, data exporting, and integration with other AWS services.
  • CloudWatch allows you to monitor and manage your resources and applications in real-time, identify and troubleshoot issues, and optimize performance.

Amazon CloudWatch Alarms :

Amazon CloudWatch Alarms enable you to monitor when certain thresholds are breached and take automated actions in response. You can use CloudWatch Alarms to get notified when the performance of your resources and applications falls outside of normal parameters, or when there are other issues that require attention.

Here are some examples of how you can use CloudWatch Alarms:

  • Get notified when an Amazon EC2 instance is running low on memory or CPU.

  • Scale an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling group up or down based on average network latency.

  • Receive an email or text message when an Amazon RDS database exceeds a specified threshold.

There are 3 alarm states:

  • OK – Within Threshold.
  • ALARM – Crossed Threshold.
  • INSUFFICIENT_DATA – Metric not available/ Missing data (Good, Bad, Ignore, Missing).
  • The OK state means that the metric is within the specified threshold and there are no issues to report. (When the CPU Utilization is 75% or lesser than 75% the Alarm state is at OK)
  • The ALARM state means that the metric has crossed the specified threshold and requires attention. (If it exceeds it is at ALARM you will be notified)
  • The INSUFFICIENT_DATA state means that there is not enough data available to determine the state of the metric. This can happen if the metric is not available or if there is missing data.(Whenever there is no CPU Utilization data or incorrect data is produced, it will be called INSUFFIECIENT_DATA)

Amazon CloudWatch Hands on Lab :

  1. Create Simple Notification Service (SNS) Topic
  2. Launch an Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) Instance
  3. Configure a CloudWatch Alarm

Create Simple Notification Service (SNS) Topic :

  • Open the Console & Open the Amazon SNS Service.
  • It will appear the below screenshot.
  • select the Crate topic.
  • After Clicking Create topic it opens the below screenshot.
  • For type, select Standard and in the Name field, type a name for your topic that includes your name and optionally a Display Name.
  • Scroll to the bottom of the screen and click Create topic.
  • Creating the topic will bring you to the topic’s specific dashboard. Click Create subscription on the right side of the screen.
  • In the Protocol, drop down select Email and enter a working email address you are able to access. Utilize a non-business email if there may potentially be a spam filter that will block the SNS messages. Click Create Subscription.
  • After clicking the Create subscription it will below screenshot.
  • A verification email will be sent to your address with the subject “AWS Notification – Subscription Confirmation”. Open the email and click the Confirm subscription link.
  • After clicking the Confirm subscription. it will appear th below screenshot.
  • Your subscription should now be active and the value on the status has changed from “PendingConfirmation” to "Confirmed".

Launch an EC2 Instance :

In this step, you will launch an EC2 instance and configure the User Data to install and launch the stress tool. The stress tool will begin simulating CPU load 5 minutes after the instance launches to allow you time to configure the CloudWatch Alarm.

  • Open the console & go to the EC2 console.
  • Click EC2 Dashboard towards the top of the left menu.
  • Click on Launch instance and choose Launch instance option.
  • After clicking the Launch instance it will appear the below screenshot.
  • We can see that now it has 2 version IDs.
  • then coming to Application and OS Images (Amazon Machine Image) leave the default this section.
  • After coming to Instance type leave this section also default.
  • Then coming to key-pair. click the create new key-pair. then following below screen shot.
  • Now Give Key pair name & select key pair type & choose private key file format.
  • If you putty Choose ppk format & if you use other SSH tools choose .pem format
  • Now coming to network settings .
  • choose VPC select Default VPC & select create security group.
  • Now coming to Configure Storage.
  • AWS gives Default values... no need to change these values.
  • Now coming to Advanced Details.
  • Now we will add a script In user data.
  • Then click on Launch Instance.
  • Now we will add a script In user data.

Click View Instances button in the lower right-hand portion of the screen to view the list of EC2 instances. Once your instance has launched, you will see your server as well as the Availability Zone the instance is in.

Configure a CloudWatch Alarm :

  • In the EC2 Console, click the checkbox next to your server name to view details about this EC2 instance. Click Actions >> Monitor and troubleshoot >> Manage detailed monitoring.
  • Then check Enable button under Detailed monitoring to provide monitoring data at a 1 minute interval vs. the default of 5 minutes. Click Save.
  • Click the Details tab and copy your Instance ID to the clipboard or other location such as a notepad.
  • Click on Actions >> Monitor and troubleshoot >> Manage CloudWatch alarms.
  • After Clicking the manage CloudWatch Alarms. it will appear below screenshot.
  • Select "Create an alarm". Under Alarm notification, select the SNS topic created in Earier
  • In the Alarm action leaves the default.
  • In the "Alarm thresholds" section, set the values as shown below and then click "Create".
  • Now go to CloudWatch Service.
  • Click Alarms in the left pane of the Console and select All alarms. Check the State of your alarm. It most likely says INSUFFICIENT_DATA(because you just created it) and later it will say OK. You can also use instance-id to filter the alarms for your EC2 instance.
  • In the CloudWatch Console, select Metrics in the left pane. Select the All Metrics tab and paste your Instance ID into the filter.
  • Click on Per-Instance Metrics and then add an additional filter CPU. Select CPUUtilization metric.
  • Click on Graphed metrics button and change the Period to 1 Minute. Change the graph interval to a custom value of 30m and select Auto refresh of 1 min.
  • After 5 minutes, the stress tool will begin to simulate CPU workload and trigger the Alarm once the threshold is reached. You can view the Alarm state in the CloudWatch console under Alarms. Select All alarms and you should be able to see the configured alarm. If you setup an email notification, you will receive an email alert when the Alarm is triggered.

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Conclusion:

S3 Object Versioning is one of the best features in Amazon S3. Object versioning is used to avoid the overwrite and deletion. Versioning is not enabled by default and this feature is used to keep multiple versions of objects at the same time in the bucket.

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